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history:evolution_plants
Table of Contents
evolution of plants
see also:
current phylogeny based on genomes and transcriptomes
- rhodophyta
- glaucaphyta
- viridiplantae
- chlorophyta (chlorophyte green algae)
- Prasinococcales
- streptophyte algae grades
- bryophytes
- hornworts
- liverworts
- mosses
- lycophytes
- ferns
- spermatophytes
- gymnosperms (non-flowering seed-producing plants)
- gymnosperms appear to have evolved 319mya as result of a whole genome duplication event
- conifers
- Araucariacieae
- Wollemia
- Agathis
- Collumbea
- Araucaria
- Pinaceae
- Podocarpaceae
- Cupressaceae
- Taxaceae
- Boweniaceae
- Bowenia
- Cephalotaxaceae
- Cephalotaxus
- Cycadaceae
- Ephedraceae
- Ginkgoaceae
- Gnetaceae
- Taxodiaceae
- Welwitschiaceae
- Zamiaceae
- angiosperms (flowering plants) c245mya
- monocotyledons
- dicotyledons
- basal angiosperms
- Amborella, a single species of shrub from New Caledonia;
- Nymphaeales, about 80 species, water lilies and Hydatellaceae;
- Austrobaileyales, about 100 species of woody plants from various parts of the world
- Core angiosperms (Mesangiospermae)
- Chloranthales, 77 known species of aromatic plants with toothed leaves;
- Magnoliids, about 9,000 species eg. magnolia, bay laurel, tulip trees, black pepper
- Monocots, about 70,000 species monocotyledons eg. grasses, orchids, palms
- Acorales (c131mya)
- Alismatales
- lilioids
- Petrosaviales (c122mya)
- Dioscoreales (c115mya)
- Pandanales (c91mya)
- Liliales (c121mya)
- Asparagales (c120mya)
- Orchidaceae (orchids)
- Apostasioideae (2 genera, 15sp SW Asia)
- Vanilloideae (15 genera and 180 species, humid tropical and subtropical regions, eastern North America)
- Cypripedioideae (Lady Slipper orchids, 5 genera and 130 species)
- Epidendroideae (more than 500 genera and more or less 20,000 species)
- Orchidoideae (208 genera and 3,630 species)
- Boryaceae 12sp drought-tolerant plants Australia
- Hypoxidaceae
- Blandfordiaceae (Aust)
- Lanariaceae (Sth Africa)
- Asteliaceae
- Hypoxidaceae
- Ixioliriaceae
- Tecophilaeaceae
- Doryanthaceae
- Iridaceae (irises)
- Xeronemataceae
- Asphodelaceae
- 'core' Asparagales
- Amaryllidaceae s.l
- Asparagaceae s.l. (includes asparagus, agapanthus, allium, agaves and yuccas)
- commelinids (c118mya)
- Arecales
- Poales
- Zingiberales
- Commelinales
- Ceratophyllum, about 6 species of aquatic plants
- Eudicots, about 175,000 species dicotyledons eg. sunflowers, petunia, buttercup, apples, and oaks
- evolved early Cretaceous and includes most leafy trees of midlatitudes
- basal eudicots
- Ranunculales
- Proteales
- Trochodendrales
- Buxales
- core eudicots
- superrosids
- Saxifragales
- rosids
- fabids
- Fabales (legumes, acacia)
- Rosales (roses)
- Fagales (beeches)
- Cucurbitales
- Oxalidales
- Malpighiales
- Celastrales
- Zygophyllales
- malvids
- Geraniales
- Myrtales (myrtles, eucalyptus)
- Crossosomatales
- Picramniales
- Malvales
- Brassicales
- Huerteales
- Sapindales
- superasterids
- Santalales
- Berberidopsidales
- Caryophyllales
- asterids
- Cornales
- Ericales
- euasterids
- campanulids
- Aquifoliales (holly)
- asterales
- Asteraceae (daisies)
- Escalloniales
- Bruniales
- Apiales
- Dipsacales
- Paracryphiales
- lamiids
- Solanales
- Lamiales
- Vahliales
- Gentianales
- Boraginales
- Garryales
- Metteniusales
- Icacinales
non-flowering plants
flowering plants
- the first flowering plants evolved around 140mya
- 50-80% of the main family stems of angiosperms evolved in the warmest period of the Cretaceous from 100-90mya
- the diversification leading to the extant diversity of most of the non-monotypic families (56–91%) did not start until the Cenozoic (56-37mya), this occurred in the context of profound changes in terrestrial ecosystems, including a well-documented trend of global warming in the Palaeocene and Eocene1)
history/evolution_plants.txt · Last modified: 2020/10/04 11:47 by gary1
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