history:h_art1
History of Art Styles
Prehistoric:
Paleolithic (30,000BC-8000BC)
Neolithic (8000BC - 1000BC)
Bronze Age (2000BC - 1200BC)
Western:
Egyptian (3000BC - 332BC)
Realism (1850-80) rejected academic artificiality, historical fantasy & romantic exaggeration eg. Manet, Courbet, Daumier
Impressionism (1870-90) capture transient light on scenes eg. Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, Degas
Australian Impressionism (1885-) eg. Heidelberg School (Roberts, McCubbin, Streeton, Conder); Hans Heysen, Gruner; Meldrum;
Les Nabis (1889-99) tried to connect Impressionism with theories of Gaugin eg. Bonnard, Vuillard
Precisionism / Cubist Realism (1920-1940) realistic rendering of objects but emphasising geometric form eg. Sheeler, Demuth
Social Realism (1930-1940) eg. Rivera
Magic Realism (1943-1960) overtones of fantasy & wonder eg. Cadmus, Evergood, Albright, Tooker
Photo-realism (1965-1980) eg. Kacere
Contemporary Realism (1965-) eg. Wyeth
Modern Primitivism (late 19thC) eg. Rousseau
Modern Architecture (1880 onwards)
Post-impressionism (1880 onwards) underlying structure, emotional use of colour & scientific approach to patterns eg. van Gogh, Gauguin, Cezanne, Seurat
Pointillism (1880's) brush-style using tiny dots of primary colors to create secondary colours eg. Seurat
Fauvism (1905 onwards) “wild animal” unrestrained freedom of artistic expression to bring emotionalism into art eg. Matisse, Dufy
Expressionism (1908 onwards) highly personal expression of psyche eg. Roualt, Munch
Blaue Reiter (1911-13) eg. Marc
The Bauhaus Painters (1919-33) eg. Feininger, Klee, Kandisnsky - also from Cubism
Kinetic Art (1920 onwards)
Dadaism (1916-22) eg. Arp, Duchamp, Ernst
Op Art / Optical Art (1955 onwards) optical illusions eg. Vasarely, Uecker, Riley
Cubism (1907-25) geometric shapes as basis for art eg Picasso, Gris
Futurism (1909-20) dynamic sensation of motion & speed eg. Severini, Boccioni, Balla
Suprematism (1913-1918) eg. Malevich;
Australian Post-Impressionism (1913-) eg. Wakelin, Bell, Shore, Frater, de Maistre;
Purism (1918-) eg. Le Corbusier, Ozenfant
Neo-Plasticism / De Stilj (1917-44) 2D geometric eg. Mondrian
Pop Art (1953 onwards) explores the everyday imagery which is part of contemporary consumer culture eg. Warhol, Lichtenstein, Wesselmann, Rosenquist
Australian architectural styles:
housing period styles:
Victorian (1850-1890's)
named after Queen Victoria, a broad style covering social upheavals, the gold rush
Parliament house
tiny workers' cottages lining the back streets of Carlton, Fitzroy, East Melbourne, Geelong, Bendigo & Ballarat
Edwardian / Federation (1890-1915):
originally Edwardian referred to those in Victoria & Federation to those in NSW
an evolution of the Victorian period
usually red brick with decorative timber work, wooden veranda details rather than iron, bigger windows
verandas often wrap around the corner of the house
usually single storey with terracotta tiled roofs jutting out at odd angles & decorated with terracotta creatures
esp. in the ring of suburbs of Hawthorn, Malvern & Camberwell
California Bungalow (1915-35):
imported style from the west coast of US, became popular as the idea of the house on a quarter acre block began to take hold
bewildering array of materials & sub-styles but characteritically has a tapered brick pier supporting the front porch.
classy examples exist in Essendon, Moonee Ponds, Brighton to Mentone
weatherboard examples exist in Footscray, Sunshine
Spanish Mission (1920-30):
a cousin of the California Bungalow, also originating from west coast of US where it had been appropriated from Sth America
low slung, but chunkier & more fanciful often with white rendered exterior to mimic adobe & arches that shade long verandas or deep porches; ripple effect of Cordova tiled roofs; lots of heavy dark wood inside - hence our term “mission brown”
eg. St Kilda
Art Deco (1929-1940):
describes a whole design movement covering everything from fabric & furniture to convertibles & skyscrapers
came to Australia from France via the rest of Europe & then the US (eg. Empire State Building)
“streamlined”, “geometric”, such as sweeping curves or dramatic angles in the way windows, chimneys or the front of the house are formed; or zig-zag or chevron patterns in brickwork or tiling
loved chrome & glass, & used new building materials such as metal window frames, construction quality concrete & glass bricks
windows often huge, roofs often flat (but now tend to leak & are difficult to repair), bathrooms give a Hollywood feel
eg. Balwyn, Toorak, Camberwell, Elwood, St Kilda
Modern 1950s:
the Moderne crazy/cutting edge elements that existed in the 1930's became mainstream & dropped the 'e'
often cream brick with big metal-framed windows; sandblasted decorative glass; curved street frontages; snazzy open-plan living areas;
exuberant use of colour & new materials such as vinyl & laminates
but most have big windows facing East & West requiring striped canvas blinds
eg. middle suburbs of Thornbury through to Pascoe Vale, to Cheltenham & Beaumaris
1960's:
architectural norms began to dissolve in the 60's as with most other norms
hard to find a clearly identifiable style, although some took the sleek minimalism and airiness of the 1950's to a new extreme
appear all over Melbourne as older houses started to be demolished but esp. in the new suburbs of Ringwood, Vermont
1970's:
trend back to nature with stripping away of plaster to expose aged brick, painting iron lacework mission brown, new homes made with mud brick (esp. Eltham), surrounded by native plants
in urban areas new homes had brown bricks & dark timbers to reflect the earthy impulse, often contrasted with burnt orange, terracotta & eucalypt green decors
ensuites, wardrobes, open-plan & split levels made a appearance
in many areas, houses were demolished to make way for inexpensive, minimalistic double or triple storey flats - usually with dark brown bricks and concrete
by the late 1970's, the Mediterranean migrants of the 1950's now more affluent, tended to move from their 1950's weatherboards to new double storey box-shaped brick houses often with swimming pools eg. Keilor, Doncaster
1980's:
took the best of the 70's and replaced the 70's decor to create very livable, houses with an entertainment & often low energy focus
eg. Airport West, Keilor Downs,
1990's:
a large portion of new houses were of Victorian or Edwardian styles while others further developed the low energy, entertainment houses of the 1980's or the modern double storey taken to extremes of 40 squares
housing developments in golf resorts became popular
eg. Taylors Lakes, Keilor-Melton Rd estates, Sanctuary Lakes
2000's:
Far Eastern Art:
Japanese:
archaic (before 552AD)
Asuka (552-645)
Nara (645-794) - golden age of Buddhist art & architecture
Heian (794-1185) - decorative; creation of Yamato-e school
Kamakura (1185-1334)
Muramachi (1334-1568)
Momoyama (1568-1615)
Edo (1615-1868) - ornate; multi-coloured woodblock prints;
Tokyo (1868 -) Western influence
history/h_art1.txt · Last modified: 2013/01/14 20:17 by gary1