a brief history of the World

The Middle East

History of Australia

The 17th century

The 18th century

The 19th century

The 20th century - 1st quarter

The 20th century - 2nd quarter

The 20th century - 3rd quarter

The 20th century - 4th quarter

increasing acceptance of homosexuality

metrosexuality ( a term coined in 1994 by English writer Mark Simpson) becomes the vogue - guys aiming to look good without inferring something about their sexual orientation - thus straight guys become under pressure to improve their clothing style, grooming and start attending salons, have body hair waxing as well as body piercings

anti-US terrorism and Asian viral epidemic fears dominate psyche, particularly of travellers after Sept 11, 2001 which results in the rise of a culture of living for the present including the rise of a new raunch culture and sexual promiscuity which had been restrained in the 1990's by the fear of HIV/AIDS.

Harry Potter books;

 

“classical music” - 

musicals - Mamma Mia; 

dance - techno, rave

digital special effects become even more realistic

global recession as stock markets become bearish

low inflation & interest rates along with pessimism & cynicism in stock markets contribute to real estate boom

terrorism dominates world psyche

the Enron (a US oil company) collapse and subsequent criticism for inadequate reporting and resultant new public company reporting requirements sparks a boom in private equity takeovers of public companies over the next decade.

stock markets again fall as world recession still in force

real estate boom finally shows signs of slowing

Jan: gold prices hit 6 yr high $US350/oz) & oil prices hit $35/barrel with threat of of war in Iraq & Venezuelan oil industry strikes

Jan: North Korea creates concern with its blatant stance for developing nuclear weapons.

El Nino weather pattern terminates;

March-April: US, UK & Australian forces invade Iraq and remove Saddam Hussein & his Ba'ath party

Dec: gold prices hit $US420/oz;

real estate prices peak and start to plateau

US interest rates start to rise from their historic lows signaling the end of low interest rate phase.

oil prices rise to almost $US50 stemming world economic recovery and stock market rises.

oil prices reach $US62 and keep climbing, helped by hurricanes in the Caribbean. 

oil and metal prices seemed to have peaked.

North Korea tests nuclear bomb for 1st time - against UN policy. 

El Nino weather pattern prolongs the drought in southern Australia.

after its long period of growth, on 27th Feb, China's stockmarket falls 9% in one day triggering global market falls of about 3-5%.

Stock markets end their bull runs in August 2007 after global credit crunch fears following US sub-prime mortgage crisis

gold prices peak as hedge against inflationary fears

oil price continues to soar as $US continues to fall, oil hitting $US130/barrel up from $US27/barrel in 2001

July: global stockmarkets (particularly property trusts and banking sector) continue to fall after 12 months of bear market due to US sub-prime mortgage induced credit squeeze, rising oil prices, inflation and interest rates and recession fears, with major Australian banks announcing $1b plus write offs due to exposure to US sub-prime markets which follow banking crisis in US including Merrill Lynch's further write-downs.

Aug: 3 million US families lose their homes with another 1 million predicted to do so as falling real estate prices and the foolish bank loans encourage home-owners to walk away from their negative equity in their home loans - how could a first world country allow such banking greed to run amok and destroy the world's financial systems and economies?

Dec: oil falls to low of ~$US35/barrel

Mar: Dow Jones hits 12 yr low; Australian shares hit 5 yr low;

world economy dominated by concerns of debt crisis in some European countries, particularly, Greece and Spain

US Congress finally addresses it's “financial cliff”

British stock market slumps in line with most global markets

global credit squeeze sparked by US sub-prime mortgage crisis contributes to a major downturn in UK real estate prices.

Oct: British Govt announce £500b bail out for its banks to stabilise its financial system.

enquiry into the News of the World phone tapping saga released

London hosts the Olympic Games

England is rocked by abuse allegations against disgraced BBC presenter, Jimmy Savile with many of the victims sueing his estate for their suffering

Russian submarine, the Kursk, sinks without survivors.

Russian troops capture Grozny in Chechnya. Acting Pres. Putin imposes direct rule from Moscow.

floods ravage Europe

rising right wing support in German polls, culminate in change of govt.

Mt Etna erupts, earthquakes crush Sicilian kindergarten

Oct: Chechen rebels take 800 hostages in Moscow theatre. Russian forces use knockout gas but kill 100 hostages and most of the rebels with the gas.

Saddam Hussein finally captured;

Bam earthquake in Iran kills over 40,000

 

March: Spain rocked by terrorist bombs on crowded suburban trains which killed almost 200

May: Moscow-backed Chechnyan President Akmad Kadyrov assassinated.

Sept: Chechen militants take over 300 children hostage in school, most die when bomb accidentally goes off, hundreds injured in subsequent gunfire with Russian troops.

Israel invades Lebanon in retaliation for their harbouring of Hezbollah.

Aug: Russia and Georgia at war after concerns of Georgian aggression towards the pro-Russian separatist rebels in the two pro-Russian Georgian enclaves of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, both of which are wanting independence from US-backed Georgia (Georgia has an important oil pipeline) since the early 1990s after the dissolution of the USSR, in a similar way that Kosovo recently attained independence with US support. The US can't have it both ways and only encourage independence if the independent state will benefit the US.

Sept 11 terrorist attacks by Taliban-assisted Al Quaeda terrorists led by Osama Bin Laden

US invade Afghanistan and remove Taliban regime from power (see also history of Middle East)

US stock market bubble of the late 1990's well and truly bursts hitting 5 yr lows

Pres. Bush now sets his sights on Saddam Hussein with increasing concerns of his aiding the terrorists & his capabilities for deploying weapons of mass destruction. However, apart from Australia & Britain, support for a pre-emptive strike is lacking despite his demands that if the UN won't act, the US will. (see also legitimacy of tyrannicide)

space shuttle disintegrates on re-entry;

March-April: US, UK & Australian forces invade Iraq and remove Saddam Hussein & his Ba'ath party 

Michael Jackson indicted for child sexual abuse;

US prisoner numbers hit 2.3m, more than any other country with an incarceration rate of 7620/million compared with 1520/million in Britain, 1080/million in Canada & 910/million in France. Nearly 11% of black men aged 30-34yrs are in prison. According to Human Rights Watch, Blacks were 12x more likely to be jailed for drug related crimes than whites, though drug use was about the same in the two races. 

June: Barack Obama beats Hillary Clinton to become the 1st black US presidential nominee.

July: earthquake rocks California sparking fears of a bigger quake.

Jan: Barack Obama becomes the 1st black US president.

Feb: Obama announces biggest budget deficit as % GDP since 1930's as he attempts to stimulate the economy.

Mar: Dow Jones hits 12 yr low.

President Obama re-elected

Boston Marathon bombing

Donald Trump becomes President of USA

2002: conflict with Pakistan intensifies threatening possibility of nuclear war.

Oct 2005: more than 30,000 die in Kashmir earthquake Richter 7.6 - Pakistan's worst natural disaster. 

2002: Bali nightclub bombing

2004: car bomb outside Australian embassy kills 11; 

2004 Dec: Aceh region destroyed by the tsunami.

2005 Oct: another Bali restaurant bombing kills over 30, mainly Indonesians

2002: North Korea openly embarks on nuclear research and ceases nuclear agreements creating crisis with US

Dec 2004: tsunamis from Richter 8.9 underwater earthquake near Sumatra kill > 150,000, esp. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Maldives & Phuket.

2005: North Korea signs agreement not to continue with its nuclear plans in return for substantial economic support and technical assistance in substitute energy technologies.

Congo's Laurent Kabila is murdered by his bodyguard & replaced by his son Joseph as President who has lifted Mobutu's bans on political parties as he strives to create a democracy amongst the civil turmoil that has resulted in 2.5 million excess deaths between 1998-2001 in the pop. of 20 million of eastern Congo, of which some 350,000 are directly from violence.

Aust. PM Howard fails to convince African leaders to expel Zimbabwe from British Commonwealth.

 

Zimbabwe PM Mugabe loses democratic elections but refuses to stand down.

Zimbabwe's super-inflation still out of control as dollar is re-valued having devalued some trillion-fold since the 1980's such that you need something like $1billion dollars to buy a loaf of bread - even I'm a multi-millionaire having been given a $500 million dollar note (worth about $US0.50?).

a report of a 32,000 sq. km iceberg off Antarctica

a 9000sq.km iceberg forms off Antarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf

largest iceberg ever observed by satellites formed “B-15” and measured 11,000 sq.km

one of the biggest icebergs ever recorded (200m thick x 6000 sq km) forms after breaking away from Antarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf - the rift had accelerated since 2014

in the last few decades, Antarctica has lost trillions of tonnes of ice and is losing 252 billion tonnes of ice each year

Larsen C is now at its smallest extent since the end of the last ice age some 11,700 years ago, and about 10 other shelves further to the north along the Peninsula have either collapsed (Larsen A and Larsen B disintegrated c 2000) or greatly retreated in recent decades

a gigantic cavity representing a loss of 14 billion tonnes of ice is detected growing under Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica which covers two-thirds the footprint of Manhattan and stands almost 300m - this is likely to hasten the current retreat of Thwaites (800m per year which is causing 4% of current global sea level rise) - if Thwaites Glacier is lost over the next few decades, it will cause a 65cm rise in sea levels and then hasten the loss of surrounding ice which it had been protecting, and this would result in catastrophic levels of sea level rise.

Australia has its hottest month on record (Jan 2019)

search for planets outside our solar system successful;

> 500 “planets” now found past Pluto;

Hawking publishes “The Universe in a Nutshell” to convey to the public the rapidly changing notions of our universe and the new “M-theory” as a unifying theory bringing together super-gravity and super-string theories.

DVD becomes popular; SMS text messaging very popular

mobile phone and internet uptake in Western cultures almost saturated;

3-5 megapixel digital cameras start to be more popular than film cameras;

mobile phones start to converge with digital cameras, portable MP3 players and personal organisers;

DVD-recorders, ADSL & cable broadband internet become popular;

3G mobile telephony services allow live video talk and video messaging;

Mars closest to earth for some 67,000yrs; solar activity cycle hits 11 yr peak;

human genome mapped;

age of the Universe determined as 13.7 billion years;

Bose-Einstein condensation of pairs of fermions observed

Saturn closest to earth for 30yrs; NASA successfully lands probe on Mars;

discover chimp-sized human “ancestor”, Orrorin tugenensis, that walked upright 6m yrs ago (3m yrs before “Lucy”)

8 megapixel prosumer digital cameras released

dual-layer DVD recorders and combined DVD recorders & VHS players released;

Plasma & LCD TV screens fall in price and become increasingly popular.

probe orbits Saturn

medium format film photography relegated to niche market having been overtaken almost completely by high end digital technology.

MSN internet chat and Apple iPod music players become very popular with teenagers.

1918 flu virus recreated and shown to be an avian flu virus

1st vaccine shown to prevent a cancer - Australian-made cervical cancer vaccine against several strains of genital wart viruses which cause ~70% of cervical cancer.

LCD screens begin to overtake plasma screens in the 32-37“ sizes

50 nanoKelvin “high temperature” superfluid Fermi gas created - a new form of matter

LCD screens begin to overtake plasma screens in the 37-40” sizes

Intel dual core computer chips used in PC's and laptops.

Pluto no longer regarded as being a planet.

cervical cancer vaccine introduced in Aust. in Aug 2006 but expensive.

Blu-ray and HD DVD players/recorders released.

Personal video recorders (HDD and DVD based) become popular.

internet website youtube.com which enables users to upload videos is bought by Google for ~$2billion

online websites such as Myspace and Facebook further evolve social networking on the web.

multi-touch-sensitive touch screen invented.

most digital SLR manufacturers settle on 8-10 mpixel sensors with sensor dust protection and some include CCD-shift image stabilisation.

Intel Core2 Duo chips;

MS Windows Vista OS; 

live preview LCDs become standard in digital SLRs, most with built-in image stabilisation (except Canon/Nikon)

Nikon's 1st full frame digital SLR (the Nikon D3) and its new lenses finally offer opposition to Canon's dominance of the high end digital SLR scene.

Apple's iPhone ends Nokia's domination of the cellular phone market, while Samsung and Google try to compete with their Android-based phones

MS World Telescope - online astrophotographic imagery software and telescope control interface.

Apple's iPhone 3G makes it to Australia

July - Nikon's D700 dSLR camera makes full frame dSLRs more affordable but still too expensive for most.

July - scientists announce breakthrough in treatment of Alzheimer's with new drug apparently halting or substantially slowing disease process by 80%.

Oct - Nikon D3x, Sony A900 and Canon 5DMII dSLR full frame cameras with 21-25mp sensors.

Twitter.com becomes the new social networking tool along with Facebook and personal blogs by allowing users to post single line personal updates via the mobile phone SMS texting.

Olympus E-30 and E-620 dSLRs.

Micro Four Thirds camera system creates a new genre of cameras enticing Samsung and Sony to follow suit.

new flu strain spontaneously becomes resistant to Tamiflu drug.

Canon and Nikon start revamping their legacy lens system to cope with demands of new sensors.

MS Windows 7 replaces Vista.

Canon 1D Mark IV dSLR; PVRs dominate as Australia readies to turn off analog TV.

Apple's iPad and iPhone 4S herald a multitude of new multi-touch slate computer devices.

Panasonic GH-2 and GF-2 further improve capabilities of the Micro Four Thirds camera system.

Olympus E-5 dSLR; most dSLR sensors 14-18mpixel with HD 1080i video;

Intel i5 and i7 computer chips;

Physicists show that superfluid light is possible;

Canon 1D X sports dSLR and Canon 5D Mark III dSLR new full frame dSLRs and signal the end of Canon's 1.3x crop pro cameras

Steve Jobs dies

Olympus OM-D E-M5 camera and Panasonic GH-3 bring high image quality and world's fastest AF to the Micro Four Thirds system

Nikon D800 dSLR - 1st 36mp full frame dSLR

the elusive Higgs Boson particle discovered, confirming a theory by Higgs 50 years earlier

iPad Mini, iPhone 5 with 4G for Australian networks, Apple's Retina displays

Android Nexus 4 smartphone finally gives Android phones a better experience than the iPhone

Windows 8 released along with Microsoft's Surface using Windows 8 RT operating system

ultrabook laptops and touch screen slate style computers with Intel Ivy Bridge chipsets including USB 3.0

Microsoft's Surface Pro touch slate using full Windows 8 OS

after falling to the rise of iPhone and Android phones since 2007, Nokia finally announces a profit, thanks to their new Windows Phone based cellular phone line, the Lumia

Olympus OM-D E-M1 and Sony a7 II full frame mirrorless camera bring phase detect AF to mirrorless cameras

MS Windows 10 introduced

Apple introduce bluetooth smartwatches to pair with their larger iPhones

4K video in a number of cameras

Samsung recalls Galaxy pads as a number explode

Olympus OM-D E-M1 mark II brings pro sports dSLR performance levels to mirrorless cameras and adds ground breaking 6.5EV image stabiliser as well as 4K video and 60fps 20mp burst rates

Sigma's MC 11 converter brings fast AF to Sony when using Canon EF lenses

Sony passes Nikon in full frame camera sales to USA, now 2nd to Canon

Cactus introduces cross-brand radio remote TTL flash - now you can use Canon flashes on Olympus or Sony cameras in full radio TTL mode!

Sony a9 full frame mirrorless camera brings pro sports dSLR performance levels to full frame mirrorless cameras

Sony a7RIII and Sony a7III