history:h_romanemp1
Roman Empire & European Leaders
Roman Empire & Early Christian times:
| Roman emperors | Early “Catholic” Church | Tetrarchs | Jewish High Priests | Procurators of Judea | | | |
| Augustus 27BC-14AD | Mithraism brought to Rome 60BC from Persia | Herod the Great 41BC-4BC | Hyrcanus 63BC-? | Antipater 48BC-7AD? | | | |
| Tiberius 14-37AD | Jesus 0-32 | Phasael Archelaus 4BC-6AD Herod Antipas 4BC-39AD Herod Phillip 4BC - 33AD | Ananus 7AD-17AD Caiaphas 17-37 | Coponius 7AD-9AD Marcus Ambivius 9-13 Annius Rufus 13-15 Valerius Gratus 15-26 Pontius Pilate 26-35 | | | |
| Caligula 37-41 | | Herod Agrippa I 33-44 | Jonathan 37-59 | Marcellus 37-44 | | | |
| Claudius 41-54 | Peter 42-67 | | | Cuspius Fadus 44-46 | | | |
| Nero 54-68 | | | Joseph, son of Simon 59-? | | | | |
| Galba 68-69 | Linus Tuscany 67-79 | | | | | | |
| Otho; Vitellius 69 | | | | | | | |
| Vespasian 69-79 | | Fall of Jerusalem 70AD | | | | | |
| Titus 79-81 | (Ana)cletus 79-92 | | | | | | |
| Domitian 81-96 | Clement 92-101 | | | | | | |
| Nerva 96-98 | Evaristus 99-107 | | | | | | |
| Trajan 98-117 | Alexander I 107-16 | | | | | | |
| Hadrian 117-138 | Sixtus I 116-25 Telesphorus 125-38 | | | | | | |
| Antoninius Pius 138-161 | Hyginus 138-42 Pius I 142-55 | | | | | | |
| Marcus Aurelius 161-180 | Anicetus 155-66 Soter 166-74 | | | | | | |
| Commodus 180-192 | Eleuterius 174-89 | | | | | | |
| Pertinax, Didius 193 Septimus Severus 193-211 | Victor I 189-99 | | | | | | |
| Caracalla 211-217 | Zephyrinus 199-217 | | | | | | |
| Macrinus 217-218 | Callistus I 217-22 | | | | | | |
| Elagabalus 218-222 | | | | | | | |
| Alexander Severus 222-235 | Urban I 222-30 Pontian 230-5 | | | | | | |
| Maximinus 235-238 | Anterus 235 | | | | | | |
| Gordian I,II,Pupienus 238 | | | | | | | |
| Balbinus 238 | | | | | | | |
| Roman Emperors | Papacy | | |
| Gordian III 238-244AD | Fabian 236-50 | | |
| Philip the Arab 244-49 | | | |
| Decius 249-51 | | | |
| Hostilianus 251 | | | |
| Gallus, Volusianus 251-53 | Cornelius 251-3 | | |
| Valerian, Gallienus 253-68 | Lucius I 253-4 Stephen I 254-7 Sixtus II 257-8 | | |
| Claudius II 268-70 | Dionysius 258-68 | | |
| Aurelian 270-5 | Felix I 269-74 | | |
| Tacitus, Florianus 275-6 | | | |
| Probus 276-282 | Eutychian 275-83 | | |
| Carus 282-3 | | | |
| Carinus 283-5 | Caius 283-96 | | |
| Numerianus 283-4 | | | |
| Diocletian 284-305 | Marcellinus 296-304 | God of Mithra becomes protector of Rome 304 | |
| Constantius 305-6 | | | |
| Galerius 305-10 | Marcellus I 308-9 | | |
| Maxentius 306-12 Constantine the Great 306-37 Licinius 308-24 | Eusebius 309-10 Meltiades 311-4 Sylvester I 314-35 | Constantine officially supports Christianity, but in 334AD recalled Arius from exile & made Arianism favoured over Catholic Church by Rome | |
| Constantine II 337-40 Constans 337-50 Constantius 337-61 | Marcus 336 Julius I, 337-66 | | |
| Magnentius 350-53 | Liberius 352-66 | | |
| Julian the Apostate 361-63 Jovian 363-4 | | Arianism now the official faith of the Roman Empire | |
| Valentinian I 364-75 Valens 364-78 | Damascus I 366-84 | | |
| Gratian 375-83 Valentinian II 375-92 | | | |
| Magnus Maximus 383-8 | | | |
| Eugenius 392-4 Theodosius the Great 379-95 | Siricius 384-99 | Theodosius: bans Arianism (the religion of the converted German “barbarians”) in 379AD bans non-Christian beliefs 392AD | |
The divided Roman Empire & its fall:
| West Roman Emperor | East Roman Emperor | Papacy | | |
| Honorius 395-423 | Arcadius 395-408 | Anastasius 399-401 Innocent I 401-17 | 395AD, Visigoths under Alaric (370-410) rise up & in 401, as a Roman general, encouraged by the East, led a German invasion of Italy 406AD, vast armies of Vandals, Sueves & Alans crossed Rhine into Gaul resulting in the Roman withdrawal from Britain. Vandals ravaged Gaul & moved into Spain in 408. 410AD, Alaric captures Rome 416AD, Burgundians establish the 1st German kingdoms | |
| Constantius II 421 Valentinian III 425-55 | Theodosius II 408-50 | Zozimus 417-8 Boniface I 418-22 Celestine I 422-32 Sixtus III 432-40 | 429AD, under Gaiseric (390-477), the Vandals invade Africa robbing Rome of its food supply & becomes the independent ruler of Nth Africa in 442AD. 440AD, Huns, nomadic Mongols who had settled in Hungary threaten East & West alike | |
| | Marcian 450-7 | Leo I the Great 440-61 | 452AD, Romans, Franks & Visigoths halt the invasion of the Huns led by Attila (c 406-53AD), Attila dies on his wedding night from burst blood vessel? | |
| Petronius Maximus 455 | | | | |
| Avitus 455-6 | | | | |
| Majorian 457-61 | Leo I 457-74 | | | |
| Libius Severus 461-5 | | Hilary 461-8 | Franks consolidate their power & under Clovis I (465-511), created a united, non-heretical Christian Gaul | |
| Anthemius 467-72 | | Simplicius 468-83 | 471AD, Ostrogoths leave Black Sea moving into Macedonia & Thessaly | |
| Olybrius 472 | | | | |
| Glycerius 473 | | | | |
| Julius Nepos 474-5 | Leo II 474 | | | |
| Romulus Augustulus 475-6 | | | | |
| Fall of Rome 476AD | Zeno Justinian 482-565 | | German soldier Odoacer rules Italy (476-493AD) 487AD, Ostrogoths, led by Theodoric, march on Constantinople, but was bought off by Emperor Zeno who persuaded him to go to Italy & defeat Odoacer which he did in 493AD, forming the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy Justinian fought Persian king Chosroes (r. 531-79) for 35yrs & reconquested Africa (533-4) and Italy (536-54) | |
history/h_romanemp1.txt · Last modified: 2013/01/14 19:55 by gary1
