bush fires

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Victorian bushfire landscape at 12 weeks with Olympus E510 and ZD 50-200mm lens

Monday, May 4th, 2009

Following on from my previous photo essay blog on the Victorian bushfires at 6 weeks after the fires in Feb 2009, I took another trip yesterday and went bushwalking amongst the burnt rainforests of mountain ash.

It was great to see the forests gradually regenerating, particularly the gullies, although in vast areas of drier forests, there was little signs of new life.

But amongst the devastation, paradoxically, there was beauty to be found.

The following image was taken with the late afternoon sun highlighting the dead orange leaves of the Australian Eucalypts, and contrasting with stark dead trees on the hills behind.

This is a very unusual scene for Australia, as although it may look like a northern hemisphere fall scene, Australian Eucalypt trees are not deciduous and don’t turn orange in the Autumn as they appear to be doing here. All these trees were affected by the bush fires.

The farm pasture has become green – indeed they had returned to green by the 6 week stage, and the farmer has rebuilt his fences.

Please click on this image to view it at larger size.

bushfie landscape

This image was taken hand held with Olympus E510 and the brilliant Olympus ZD 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 SWD lens – I just love this lens except it is a bit big and heavy, but much less so than its Canon or Nikon counterparts.

Images of the wildfire in South Carolina

Saturday, April 25th, 2009

Following on from Victoria’s devasting bushfires in Feb 2009, the worst wild fires in 30 years have hit South Carolina – images of it can be seen here.

Hopefully they will not have the loss of human life that we had here in Australia this year, but still there will be the heartache of losses of irreplaceable possessions and property as well as the loss to wild life.

Photo essay – Victorian bushfires 6 and 7 weeks after the devastation

Saturday, March 28th, 2009

Whilst most of us were not directly affected by the bushfires, we all have been horrified by the images that came from that day and the many eye witness accounts of lucky survival, and of those less fortunate.

The outpouring of empathy and compassion has meant many of us have donated hundreds if not thousands of dollars or, in many cases our free services to help rebuild the lives of those affected.

Understandably, the locals from the bushfire regions still in the grief phase from their losses are often polarised or at least have ambivalent emotions at the prospect of “outsiders” coming to their towns now that most of the roads have been opened to the public.

On the one hand, those lucky enough to still have ongoing businesses in the region are desperate for tourists to get back there so they can manage through these difficult times, as well as wanting the visitors to see for themselves how severely devastated the region was, and that it wasn’t just media hype.

Others, who are going through anger, blame or perhaps guilt phase of their grief reaction and who have little to directly benefit from outsider’s presence, may have a less than appreciative attitude to them even though these same people may have made personal financial contributions well in excess of what was expected. Many just want to be left alone, others apparently seem embarassed that their property is now a unsightly mess, while others have concerns that unscrupulous outsiders may want to exploit the conditions, steal from the damaged properties or just be disrespectful.

A local female photographer’s efforts to bring photo-tourists to the region provided they spend money there has highlighted the range of emotions currently evident towards the presence of tourists.

After posting this blog, The Age newspaper reported on a local who lost everything in the fire but decided to exhibit some of her burnt relics including a car which raised further emotions as to if it was too soon, or were the benefits in helping people come to terms with the tragedy more important.

But this event still remains as one of the most terrifying natural events in Australia’s history and warrants respectful documentation.

So with this background a friend and myself made two visits to the region over the past 2 weeks, ensuring we spent money there, and to be conservative, we decided not to photograph when others were around and only to take a couple of shots of actual house ruins, ensuring we did not trespass on any private property, while concentrating on the effect of the fire on the previously majestic rain forests which once were full of life.

If you want to see the human face of the tragedy, see ABC TV’s photo stories, videos, etc as I have purposely avoided this aspect to ensure I did not offend those still emotionally fragile in their grief.

It was interesting to see how differing intensities of the fires caused significantly different scars on the landscape.

The worst firestorms where even aluminium engine blocks melted, left the areas looking like a moonscape, barren grey ground with black trees – many of which had fallen – almost no leaves, no wildlife to be seen or heard even at 7 weeks apart from ants – and eeerily, not even the sound of a bush fly. The intensity of the fire will mean that it may take years before the chemistry of the top soil is restored.

NB. you can click on any of these images to see the larger versions.

firestorm

but in many areas, some of the trees had survived and were sprouting new growth, although the tree ferns were too incinerated to survive.

new growth at 6weeks

While in the tall wet sclerophyll forests where the destruction was similar, quite curiously, some of the Eucalypts seem spared (perhaps < 5%) despite adjacent trees being burnt from the bottom to their tops (for those not understanding the scale of these tall mainly 70 year old trees (the region was destroyed in the 1939 fires), the segments shown are probably ~50-80m tall in the image – to understand our forests more see my page here) – although we can expect new seedlings to start soon, it will take another 70 years for this forest to look like it was before the fire – and that assumes climate change does not prevent our current drought from breaking – Mountain ash do not regenerate after bush fires but they do produce seedlings and if there is adequate rainfall and no major bushfires, these will reach 100m tall and mature over 100-300 years.

black poles

While the majority of gullies were still barren at 7 weeks with no green to be seen, after some 80km of gravel roads, I found one gully with a dry creek bed where the tree ferns had sprung back to life:

tree ferns

and new shoots miraculously appearing from the ash:

shoots

“Fall leaves”:
Although it is early Autumn in Victoria now, our evergreen Eucalypt forests do not change foliage color significantly – but in the bushfire regions where not all the leaves were incinerated, the remaining foliage had died leaving many areas with trees like this and their forest floor littered with the falling dead leaves contrasted with the ash.

dead foliage

Some of the forests had an amazing but deadly beauty – I must have spent 10 minutes under the massive tree trunk balanced precariously, just ready to fall on my head without realising it was there (see image below). Tragically a fire fighter assisting with the clean up soon after the fires died from a falling tree – and this is a real risk to those who would venture there before the clean up is finished. See here:

falling tree

This particular forest near Toolangi was the only one where I heard a fly passing by, and the odd bird, while the bull ants were re-building their nests.

The fires tragically killed 173 people, and over 2000 houses were lost – but after visiting the once majestic forests where, in the worst affected, NOTHING survived apart from perhaps some ants – the deathly silence makes it easy to understand that over the extent of these fires, it is estimated that several million individual animals were killed or will perish because of the fires.

During the fires, even those who lost everything rushed injured wild life to aid suggesting to some that human spirit even in adversity is strongly linked to the welfare of animals.

After visiting the fires, I can’t help but feel for all those who were lost – both human and animal – just as when the planet Alderaan is destroyed in Star Wars – A New Hope, and Obi-Wan senses “a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced”. Please don’t take this as me being flippant, it’s just that this overwhelming sadness is what I feel when I’m there and this is what I thought of.

It is indeed a strange feeling one gets in the forests as your mind tries to put everything in its rightful place and imagine those creatures that once lived here only a few weeks ago.

It may be that some species unique to the area may have become extinct or close to it – hope is being held for the survival of Victoria’s state emblem – the lead beater possum which was only found in these areas.

If this has inspired you to go, please be respectful of the locals and their property, they need their space and need to feel secure, but the businesses also need you to keep them going, and above all, do not harm the fragile bush and be safe – Australian gum trees are well known for dropping large branches without warning, and now that risk is perhaps a 100-fold.

and this is a similar type of forest to what was devastated, they will be missed:

otways

NASA images of Australia’s recent extreme weather, floods and bushfires

Saturday, February 28th, 2009

Jan-Feb 2009 will go down in history as 2 months of extreme weather conditions for Australia.

NASA has captured these events via their satellites showing us a new photographic perspective of the world – you can subscribe to new “image of the day” at their NASA Earth Observatory website.

First, the meteorological engine that started it all off – the tropical rains in far north Australia which not only flooded a vast region of northern Australia, particularly northern Queensland, but the massive amounts of ascending air which formed the clouds and rain to produce these floods had to descend elsewhere as hot, dry air mass with strong winds – and these came in unprecedented extremes from north-west Western Australia flowing south-east across the Australian deserts where they became even hotter and finally hitting south-east Australia producing the hottest temperatures on record in Victoria reaching 47.6deg C near Melbourne following an unprecedented 3 day heat wave and a record driest start to a year.

See before and after images of the flood waters reaching the Gulf of Carpentaria in far north Queensland

This image from the NASA site shows the extremes in temperature variation from normal for the regions in Australia which clearly shows the extreme heat in south-eastern Australia while the north is flooding – dark red his 10deg C or greater hotter than normal, blue is colder than normal (click on image to be taken to its source web page):

NASA temperatures

and the extent of the main bushfire damage only 65km north east of Melbourne which claimed well over 200 lives in its extremely rapid spread of previously unseen firestorm ferocity:

Kilmore bushfire aftermath

The bushfires – lessons to be learned II – our fragile existence

Sunday, February 15th, 2009

Following on from the two previous blogs on climate change, drought, record heat waves and the resulting bushfires, here is another with some thoughts.

Victorian bushfires are usually started by either:

  • lightning strikes
  • electrical power lines contacting trees in strong winds or poles falling over
  • intentional arson
  • thoughtlessness – out of control fires, use of power tools or throwing cigarette butts out of car windows on high fire danger days

It now seems that many of the bushfires were started by overhead power lines in the strong north winds reaching 100kph (not unusual in for such winds in our Summers) combined with primed tinder-dry forests and a day with hottest temperatures on record combined with low humidity and the strong fanning winds. The lethality of the resultant fires was magnified by the dry “cool” change with different wind direction brought by the usual cold fronts which follow such hot northerly winds in Summer.

Is it time to consider underground power for the forest regions?

Arguments have raged over the years on the place for controlled burn offs to reduce fuel (bark and leaf litter) in forests combined with the fact that Australian Eucalypt forests need cyclical fires for their long term health – some need 5 year cycles, others 12, and yet others 30 year cycles. Indeed,last financial year, controlled burn offs in Victoria covered over 150,000 hectares of land, the largest amount since 1993 and 18% more than the annual target – although there is some debate on how strategic the burn offs were.
The problem with controlled burns is that there are only about 10-12 days each year with safe conditions taking into account temperature, winds and humidity levels and worse still, large scale burns on such days poses health threats to those with respiratory conditions.

The current stay or go policy may need revision depending on the fire danger index (a measure of anticipated wind speed, ambient temperature and low humidity). Previous recommendations were made on the grounds that you could stay if your home was defensible (NB. homes on a northerly slope with nearby tall trees and made from flammable materials are probably NEVER defensible in a forest fire with a north wind ), but these assumptions were based on fire danger index levels of less than 100 (high danger is 12-25, extreme is > 50, Ash Wednesday in 1983 had a level of 102).

On the day of the bushfires last Saturday, now called “Black Saturday”, the fire danger index level was an incredible 180 in the Kilmore region.

Perhaps it is time to consider that only specially designed homes in appropriate environments should be considered defensible on days when the fire danger index exceeds 100, and unless people have a fire bunker to retreat to on those days, they should evacuate early.

Finally, the bushfires have exposed how fragile our existence really is, not just because of the immediate risk of death from the fires and the devastation they cause with little warning, but the potential for greater calamity.

It is well known that south-eastern Australia including Victoria is in the grip of a 12 year drought with no signs of it breaking and ever diminishing water supplies despite water use restrictions, and as our heat waves have shown, Melbourne is not designed to cope well with them in terms of power supply and delivery as well as our transport system is not designed to work in high temperatures.

Less than 10 years ago, Melbourne was voted the most livable city in the world, but then rapid population growth, spreading urbanisation and drought are demonstrating that as a “civilisation”, we may have peaked and now in decline as our water resources are unable to meet demand.

The bush fires have highlighted the fragility:

  • it would not take much for a bush fire to knock out our main power generators in Gippsland or even just the main distribution lines to the city
  • perhaps of even greater long term impact is if the fires made it into our pristine water catchment areas with their mature mountain ash forests
    • this would contaminate our water supply with ash, but worse,
    • the new forests that develop over the next 50 years will use much more of the rainfall and thus run off into the dams may be reduced by 30-50% – something we cannot afford in an environment of diminishing rain falls and increasing demand

If this drought is not just a variation but a new way of living due to climate change then we will need to reassess our priorities and at the very least stop the increase in demand on our resources by reducing population growth in this region or we will be forced to resort to environmentally unfriendly solutions such as more desalination plants just to survive.

The bushfires – lessons to be learned

Tuesday, February 10th, 2009

Us Victorians are accustomed to our annual bushfire season when it is not uncommon for hundreds of thousands if not millions of hectares of forest to be burnt out and then rejuvenate as part of their natural systems that have evolved over millions of years.

For the most part, Victorians living in the areas at risk are generally well prepared and have been encouraged to remain and defend their homes from ember attack during such fires, or evacuate early.

But it seems climate change through its increase in extreme weather conditions may have changed all that – a 12 year drought, some nice rains in December 2008 to spur on plant growth, almost zero rain the following month culminating in a record heat wave of 3 days in a row exceeding 43degC which made the state tinder dry and at risk.

Then just a week later, the final ingredient to make the perfect firestorm – a record amazingly hot 46-47.9deg Saturday with 80-100kph north winds and careless, thoughtless or worse, homicidal humans allowing or intentionally starting fires at the peak of these conditions.

The resulting firestorms traveling at 40-50kph gave authorities little chance to warn the locals who were caught by surprise, too late to evacuate and the extreme conditions meant few houses in its path were defensible.

To survive meant either:

  • evacuating before the fires started – just because it was an extreme danger day, or staying and either:
    • having a fireproof bunker or cellar
    • luck combined with a good sense of timing to get out of the burning house just before its roof caved in but sufficiently long after the fire front had passed that radiant heat outside was not lethal – a must read graphic story of a lucky escape
    • getting into a car in a clearing well away from the radiant heat of the fires and which was not going to catch on fire from nearby trees or tall grass
    • access to a wide open space such as a sports oval giving sufficient distance from the radiant heat and having protective clothing or woolen blankets

Those who in panic tried to flee at the last minute in cars appear to have died – roads blocked by falling trees and power lines, the zero visibility causing head on collisions with other cars or trees, the nearby trees just causing too much radiant heat and ember attack.

Most of those attempting to defend their homes in the path without a backup found the severity of the ember attack and the fire balls impossible to contend with and only a lucky few of these survived.

Relying on communications to warn of the dangers proved unreliable as it seems:

  • the authorities were not aware of raging rapidly moving new firestorms even that which devastated Kinglake until it was too late to warn people
  • the two way radio, mobile phone systems and internet websites were all flooded with activity making access to reliable information difficult
  • the ABC radio station, whilst proving perhaps to be the best communication still could only warn of the threats the authorities were aware

The Victorian government has announced a Royal commission into the fires and what can be done to minimise the lives lost next time – after all this was no where near our biggest fires but it was by far our most fatal due to its ferocity and speed combined with a sudden, lethal wind direction change from the cool change.

It would seem too late now for humanity to stop climate change and untimely economic events combined with human greed are likely to postpone any real efforts directed towards this, and thus extreme events in weather is something we will all need to learn to live with or die.

It is clear we will not be able to defend homes in such firestorms and such firestorms are likely to increase in frequency.

I doubt that people will leave their homes in these areas just because it is a extreme fire risk day – this would expose even further risk to the activities of arsonists and sociopaths.

We need to consider the wisdom of living in high fire risk regions or at least consider mandating fire bunkers or cellars be built and maintained for each house - just having a community facility is unlikely to help as these fires showed – people may not have time or access to get to them.

We need to improve warning systems – perhaps a National Early Warning System using text messages sent to all mobile phones as has been suggested.

We need to realise that fire fighters cannot control large firestorms and that these in general will keep burning until they burn out.

The Victorian government gave the best advice the day before the fires when it was aware of the extreme fire risk conditions for that day – if you don’t need to be in the bush and forests, don’t be there – it is not the day to go touring around.

And finally, we should never take that which we have for granted – for all too quickly, it can be taken away.

See my brief history of Victorian bushfires here.

Hottest day on record (47.9degC/118.2degF) and Australia’s worst bushfire disaster on record.

Saturday, February 7th, 2009

Well, thought last week was bad enough when I wrote about our heat wave, but today beats everything for us Victorians.

Melbourne’s previous highest temperature of 45.6degC on the Black Friday Bushfires in 1939 has easily been passed with temperatures in the mid-46deg in the city while only 50km away temperatures have hit an unbelievable 47.9deg C at Avalon airport, all this and winds up to 90kph.

Here is the snapshot of peak temperatures and conditions (click on image for a larger view):

Melbourne's hottest day on record

Spare a thought for those trapped in the bushfires and the fire fighters trying to protect them in this hellish heat.

bushfire updates here

ABC online report Sat pm at least 14 dead in the fires and many more may be found while concerns are had for 100-150 sheltering in a CFA shed in Kinglake

ABC Online report Sunday morning at least 25 dead and expected to find more than 40 dead while townships including Kinglake and Marysville have largely been destroyed with residents trapped for 4-5 hours in the region at the height of the blaze. Elsewhere, 50 homes burnt near Bendigo and 30 near Kilmore and Wandong where the CFA hold serious concerns. Although there were 400 fires across Victoria Saturday, by Sunday morning there were still 36 fires out of control, a dozen of these were major.

ABC Online report Sunday afternoon and the toll rises, at least 700 homes and 66 lives lost with more expected to be found while fires still rage out of control making it perhaps the most tragic bushfire episode in Victoria’s recorded history, eclipsing Ash Wednesday in 1983 when 76 died and Black Friday in 1939 when 71 died.

ABC Online Sunday evening reports 84 have died making it officially Australia’s most fatal bushfire disaster on record.

ABC Online Monday morning reports death toll has reach 108 deaths and homes lost now at 750.

ABC Online Monday afternoon reports death toll now at 131 dead.

ABC Online Tuesday morning reports death toll now at 173 dead with yet more bodies to be found while bushfires still threaten rural communities in central and north-eastern Victoria.

The Herald Sun Wednesday morning reports death toll now at 181 dead and has links to videos. ABC Online reports of further communities at risk as fires still remain out of control.

See my brief history of Victorian bushfires here.

some photos from ABC Online:
bushfire

Labertouche:
Labertouche

Marysville:

Marysville

live weather conditions and maximum temps can be found here

Finally, no – even though I would love to have taken photos of the fires myself, it is far too dangerous a proposition and such amateur photojournalism during these conditions is highly discouraged. One of the common causes of death in bushfires of the past has been car accidents as drivers attempting to flee, blinded by smoke, crash into debris or other cars. Yesterday, many have been burnt to death in their cars fleeing their homes too late. These fires can cover 1.5km in 5 minutes in those conditions – only fools would be there unnecessarily.